This has echoes of whether there should be GST on a cake. Carbon penalties should apply first to what can be clearly measured such as coal going into a boiler. What can't be measured such as cow farts or tree weight gain should be deferred. Though I doubt this will happen I think each country should be assessed as carbon compliant or non-compliant. Goods moving from a greenhouse rogue country like China should be levied with an arbitrary carbon tariff, say 20%. This is patently unfair in terms of carbon intensity because it is the same for steel ingots and bath towels. The idea would be to force China (and India) to do enough to get the tariff removed. Of course the 'compliant' countries would have to get their house in order asap so that cuts out Australia.

We already have a carbon tax...it's called income tax

I am extremely doubtful that the mechanical infrastructure costs of renewable energy plants is any greater than the non renewables, factoring in royalties, extraction costs, transport costs, etc.
The only reason coal and oil are so cheap is because the total real cost of using these resources is never factored in.
These costs include not only pollution and environmental impact, but the fact that these resources simply will not be available to future generations.
How much will a lump of coal be worth in 100 years, compared to a puff of wind?
And how would we feel if our ancestors had used up the whole world's supply of phosphate or topsoil?

No tax is going to make the slightest bit of different to natural climate change. The whole thing is a con to give more control and income to governments.

I vote for a carbon tax on individuals. Fuel hungry cars, oversized houses. They all add up to abuse of fossil fuels. The atmosphere needs cleaning up no matter what the concerns.

Desmond says I vote for a carbon tax on individuals. Fuel hungry cars, oversized houses. They all add up to abuse of fossil fuels. The atmosphere needs cleaning up no matter what the concerns.

You missed out - high tax on every child born in/after 2010 and every immigrant (refuge).
We are overpopulated even in Australia where we are a net importer of food will we have the oil to import in the future?