Belly,
>Printing more money is no answer once the gold standard ensured a base it no longer does

It would help if you could write in sentences.

Before dismissing the answer, you should be clear on what the question is. Because if it's how best to react to a downturn caused (immediately) by a lack of spending, increasing the money supply (colloquially referred to as "printing money") is exactly the answer.

You seem to think the gold standard was a stabilising factor. That's arguably true in the short term, where it stabilised the level of currencies against each other - but it left industry vulnerable when the price of the commodities the country exported fell.

In the long term the effects could be catastrophic. Being on the gold standard meant countries would experience hyperinflation if they ran out of gold. So to prevent that happening, countries had managed devaluations (which were much more inflationary than the current market led devaluations are, and which enabled speculators to get rich at the country's expense). Countries had to borrow money from overseas (allowing financiers to get rich at the country's expense). And countries had to limit the amount of their own money they created (preventing the economy from operating efficiently, so resulting in less production).

Are we or the world headed for a debt crisis?

I don't know, are western nations being polarised for civil wars?

Well, here's a question for those who have more of an economic background, or a finical education.

What are the options for dept management that are currently available? And if known, what options have there been before, or that could be implemented in the future?

-In the US there's an option of legal bankruptcy. Which if I understand it correctly basically kills your credit, but gives people a way out if they have more debt then they could pay off, and are being buried by just paying off the interest. I'm not as familiar with how debt forgiveness works in Australia, or if there is a legal way to tell the creditors that your in debt with, that you aren't going to pay them back.

-in International debt, I've heard that countries can buy off eachother's debt. Basically have a debt from your within country be turned into a loan type of debt towards another country. I don't know if that's a real thing, or why it would exist (a bargaining tool for foreign affaires maybe?) but if it does exist then this is another option in the economic world that deals with debt.

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(Continued)

-other kinds of debt help exist such as government paying off higher education until a job from that education is secured, or even to have an employer pay (or help pay) for an employee's education with a contract that the employee is commited to working for them for a number of years.

-there's also government bailouts if a company is in a market that the government descides is worth protecting from going under. The bank bailouts several years ago come to mind for that.

If there are ways to stabilize and forgive debt without suffering a cost, perhaps those methods should be looked into more. It might not be so much as heading to a debt crisis, as much as what's the next step after that. What are the conquences of those next steps that are likely to be taken? I think most countries are either already in a debt crisis (if they are rich) or they are impoverished countries.

Aiden face it, My posts will never be even near perfect, so to will I never be, content is unaffected by grammar
IF we look with unbiased eyes, but clearly at both side, we have reason to be concerned
Not just us rug rats trying to make sense out of the subject.
But those experts including billionaire investors, who are warning us, things are far from perfect

SMH yet again, this day, official figures for national house price decline
Seems we are seeing a drop unmatched from the GFC
In fact they tell us, some states are worse
Buy at the peak, aiming to sell at a profit?
Some are already in trouble