The Forum > General Discussion > What about the water vapor?
What about the water vapor?
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Posted by Hasbeen, Friday, 30 June 2023 2:41:41 PM
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From what I've read, heard and watched, hydrogen is a dead duck. Sounds good, but .... Twiggy Forrest is making noises about it, but it could very well be his second big idea on energy to go down. He can afford to buggerise around with fantasy projects. The rest of us just want cheaper energy that actually does work all the time like, say coal.
Posted by ttbn, Friday, 30 June 2023 6:50:15 PM
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From memory Liquid Hydrogen has a similar energy density per volume or mass to Lithium batteries- but much lower than Hydrocarbons- and 100,000x less than nuclear. Also it takes a lot of energy to convert atmospheric Hydrogen to Liquid Hydrogen. There is an experimental technology that converts CO2 to Hydrocarbons using a Heat Reactor operating at about 800 degrees Celcius- but it isn't grid ready. Perhaps Hydrogen could be used in limited applications- they could sell Hydrogen solutions in the open market- but what a lot of these green companies want is government money and mandates- free money.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_density_Extended_Reference_Table http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_density#In_chemical_reactions_(oxidation) Energy released by chemical reactions (oxidation) Material Specific energy (MJ/kg) Energy density (MJ/L) Hydrogen, liquid 141.86 (HHV) 119.93 (LHV) 10.044 (HHV) 8.491 (LHV) Hydrogen, gas (681 atm, 69 MPa, 25 °C) 141.86 (HHV) 119.93 (LHV) 5.323 (HHV) 4.500 (LHV) Hydrogen, gas (1 atm or 101.3 kPa, 25 °C) 141.86 (HHV) 119.93 (LHV) 0.01188 (HHV) 0.01005 (LHV) Methane (101.3 kPa, 15 °C) 55.6 0.0378 LNG (NG at −160 °C) 53.6[19] 22.2 Natural gas 53.6[19] 0.0364 LPG propane 49.6 25.3 LPG butane 49.1 27.7 Polypropylene plastic 46.4[21] 41.7 Gasoline (petrol) 46.4 34.2 Residential heating oil 46.2 37.3 Diesel fuel 45.6 38.6 Gasohol E10 (10% ethanol 90% gasoline by volume) 43.54 33.18 Lithium 43.1 23 Jet fuel (e.g. kerosene) 43[23][24][25] 35 Biodiesel oil (vegetable oil) 42.2 33 Paraffin wax 42[27] 37.8 Body fat 38 35 Gasohol E85 (85% ethanol 15% gasoline by volume) 33.1 25.65[citation needed] Coal, anthracite 26–33 34–43 Coal, bituminous 24–35 26–49 Liquid ammonia (combusted to N2+H2O) 18.6 11.5 Wood 18 Sugars, carbohydrates, and protein 17 26.2 (dextrose) Dry cow dung and camel dung 15.5[37] Battery, lithium-air rechargeable 9.0[39] Gunpowder 4.7–11.3[41] 5.9–12.9 Household waste 8.0[40] Posted by Canem Malum, Saturday, 1 July 2023 1:23:44 PM
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Nuclear energy sources
The greatest energy source by far is matter itself. This energy, E = mc2, where m = ρV, ρ is the mass per unit volume, V is the volume of the mass itself and c is the speed of light. This energy, however, can be released only by the processes of nuclear fission (0.1%), nuclear fusion (1%), or the annihilation of some or all of the matter in the volume V by matter-antimatter collisions (100%).[citation needed] Nuclear reactions cannot be real the density of a neutron star would approximate the most dense system capable of matter-antimatter annihilation possible. A black hole, although denser than a neutron star, does not have an equivalent anti-particle form, but would offer the same 100% conversion rate of mass to energy in the form of Hawking radiation. In the case of relatively small black holes (smaller than astronomical objects) the power output would be tremendous. The highest density sources of energy aside from antimatter are fusion and fission. Fusion includes energy from the sun which will be available for billions of years (in the form of sunlight) but so far (2021), sustained fusion power production continues to be elusive. Power from fission of uranium and thorium in nuclear power plants will be available for many decades or even centuries because of the plentiful supply of the elements on earth,[85] though the full potential of this source can only be realized through breeder reactors, which are, apart from the BN-600 reactor, not yet used commercially.[86] Coal, gas, and petroleum are the current primary energy sources in the U.S.[87] but have a much lower energy density. Burning local biomass fuels supplies household energy needs (cooking fires, oil lamps, etc.) worldwide. Posted by Canem Malum, Saturday, 1 July 2023 1:24:08 PM
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Bromine batteries look good as the oceans have a lot of bromine- but like Sulphuric Acid and Lead it's poisonous. Bromine has less energy density than Lithium but more than Lead Acid. There doesn't appear to be enough Lithium in the world to power all of the world's cars- so there appears to be a limit to the spread of Lithium technology. Perhaps this is a lefty ploy for wealth transfer for those able to afford Lithium powered vehicles and get jobs in the Lithium industry.
Ammonia seems to be a potential means of energy storage used in fuel cells- but there are significant barriers and risks to bringing new technology to market. But universities don't want to start businesses. Posted by Canem Malum, Saturday, 1 July 2023 1:33:33 PM
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Perhaps you haven't noticed Canem Malum, that the elites have no intention of replacing the worlds current petroleum fueled vehicles with battery powered cars. The whole battery car thing is merely a step in removing personal mobility from peasants like us.
The World Economic Forum is getting a bit power happy & so over confident that they recently announced that even with battery cars, the world fleet must be reduced by 75% in order to save the world. Make no mistake, they do not intend the peasantry to have anything more mobile than a bicycle in their 15 minute city they have planned for us, & that might be restricted to more favored citizens. Posted by Hasbeen, Saturday, 1 July 2023 2:17:25 PM
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One thing they push is that the only thing coming out the exhaust of a hydrogen powered car is water vapor. They want to replace the minor greenhouse gas of CO2 with this much more potent water vapor.
But hang about as minute, as stated water vapor is a much more potent greenhouse gas than CO2. According to "THE SCIENCE" if you want to reduce global warming you need to reduce CO2, so why the hell would you want to replace it with a much more efficient global warmer in the form of water vapor?
How much tax payer money will we waste developing hydrogen as a fuel, before some new greenie will discover hydrogen is worse than CO2 could ever be? Of course the project will be great for the Labor mates harvesting subsidies, but will be another huge black hole for the long suffering tax payer.