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Questionable conservative thinking in the United States : Comments
By Peter Bowden, published 6/7/2022First we must ask why do anti-abortionists argue that it is wrong. There is no explicit statement about abortion in the Old Testament or the New Testament versions of the Bible.
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Your interpretation of that passage in Exodus is contrary to how the rabbis have always interpreted it: If a man injures a pregnant woman so that she miscarries, he has to pay damages, but if the woman dies as well, "the penalty shall be life for life". Similarly in Jewish law, the execution of a pregnant woman was not delayed unless she was actually in the process of giving birth.
https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/the-fetus-in-jewish-law/
There was a division of opinion among the early Christians. Some believed that ensoulment (personhood) took place at the moment of conception but others, such as St. Augustine, not until later in the pregnancy. This second group would have said that early abortion was still wrong, but for reasons to do with Christian theology and because (at the time) it was so dangerous for the woman, but not because it was tantamount to murder. References in
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Christian_thought_on_abortion