Alan B,

I agree MOE has potential outside steel production. Titanium production is probably where it will make the most difference: currently Ti is commercially produced by using sacrificial magnesium electrodes to reduce titanium chloride.

Aluminium is currently produced using a variant of MOE that uses aluminium fluoride as a flux to lower the melting temperature of aluminium oxide. Using pure MOE would avoid creating the fluorocarbon byproducts that would otherwise have to be captured, but I doubt that would justify the much greater use of energy needed.

Most other light metals can be electrolysed from molten chlorides easily enough - there's no need to resort to MOE. And any metal that doesn't react with water can just be electrolysed in solution. And yes, iron does react with water, albeit very slowly.

Casting is unlikely to be a good way of producing ships, firstly because it would make them more difficult to repair, and secondly because I'd expect them to use panels strengthened by cold working.

BTW the use of hydrogen in metal production is usually undesirable, as hydrogen can permeate the metal and make it brittle.

And please learn to spell CO2!

Co2 is spelt capital C with lower case o. And a normal 2 Thus it was when I was a boy or later in labs, and for fifty years. Hydrogen permeates reduction, whether it is derived from methane (a hydrocarbon or combination of hydrogen and carbon, hence the nomenclature) in coal or NG and is the reductive element that replaces the oxide in oxidized metal.

Thus producing oxygen as the result of precipitation. I mean, just how do you think MOE works? And experimented with to produce oxygen for astronauts on an airless Moon or Mars, the latter with little if any in its remaining atmosphere!

I suspect you with your propensity to always always find fault, particularly given most of your knowledge seems to be exclusively borrowed from this or that link rather than practical knowledge or years of experience, coupled to a superiority complex and an ego that won't fit in the same room as you, due to its truly massive size.

And alone enables you to contradict even yourself, on the same day in the same thread due to a serious attention deficit span!? Or even more serious intellectual disorder?

Suggest in future you put your manners back in, learn to respect your elders and their years of experience, some of which is especially hard won. I weary of your tiresome, undeserved, unwarranted abuse!

What's next, H2o all upper case, or just trying to teach your Grandma to suck eggs? Genius.
Alan B.

Alan B,
With trolling like that, you deserve all the abuse you will ever get.

The trouble is I can't tell where your larping ends and the genuine ignorance begins. I presume you can't really be dumb enough to think that oxygen's chemical symbol is a lower case o, but I do sometimes wonder...

I presume your misunderstanding the meaning of "permeates" was a genuine mistake.

Hydrogen is of course often used for chemical reduction. The trouble is hydrogen can also form negative ions (known as hydride ions) and hydrides are typically much weaker than metals. This limits its use in metal production.

Coal is usually turned to coke before being used to make steel. I'm not saying hydrocarbons can't be used; they can, but it leads to extra complications.

Molten oxide electrolysis does not use hydrogen. The oxides are instead converted to oxygen (gas).

Trolling? Is that your answer! Aidan, elder abuse is your forte not mine, as is trolling!

Oxide reduction as a chemical (cathode anode) process in MOE, The E in MOE stands for electrolysis, which as the process, liberates the oxygen in the oxide by replacing it with hydrogen from the sacrificial anode! What did you think happened? Harry Potter waved a magic wand?

As always with cyber bullies or Trolls, you go straight into abuse mode when found wanting! Poor little ikle diddums, somebody take your Tonka when you weren't looking?

Just what makes you think that deliberate abuse is acceptable at any level or any form; and in your case, on the basis of absolutely erroneous assumption or worse?

Do you really expect people to stop reading me on the basis of your ill directed abuse? Your real goal in this discussion? You irrelevant pedantic little link dependent puffed up popinjay/Putin puppet.

How's the weather there in St Petersburg? Warming up a little?
Alan B.

A;am B,
I certainly thought you were trolling. But if you really are so ignorant as to think the chemical symbol for oxygen is a lower case o, and so arrogant that you assume yourself to be right and the world to be wrong, then the heavy criticism you've interpreted as abuse is certainly not deserved.

MOE does not use hydrogen at all. And unlike the aluminium smelting process (which uses a sacrificial carbon anode) the new MOE process uses inert electrodes. This makes it suitable for smelting titanium (which reacts with carbon).

BTW I'm not expecting you to stop reading, but it seemed to me you were trying to get me to stop reading. My real goal in this discussion was to let you and other readers know the truth. But when you instead reject the truth, fail to supply any evidence for your claims, switch to ad hominems (trying to belittle me on the basis of my lack of experience) and appeal to age, then finish up by ridiculing the truth (I thought sarcastically but apparently not) then abuse is not only what you deserve, but seemed also to be what you were actively seeking!

Correction to the first paragraph of the above:
I certainly thought you were trolling. But if you really are so ignorant as to think the chemical symbol for oxygen is a lower case o, and so arrogant that you assume yourself to be right and the world to be wrong, then actual abuse may not be deserved, but the heavy criticism you've interpreted as abuse is certainly deserved.