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Mating, the core of it all : Comments
By Don Aitkin, published 10/2/2017But in all of them, to repeat, the real and sometimes hidden engine of social life is the production of children and their maturation into adults.
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Australia's population growth is almost balanced by the immigration: without migrants, who are usually young and just starting their families, Australia's population would be much more stationary.
Reliable pensions systems probably induce lower birth-rates while and better health services improve the chances of survival of children. On balance, they tend to influence a lower birth-rate.
Pre-contact, Australia's Indigenous population was very much a high-input/high-'output' system: large numbers of babies born, but most not reaching adulthood. So, in the long term, population remained steady, if sub-optimal. But droughts may have slashed populations by half or more, with no births occurring and children under three or four dying (no breast-milk), as well as the older people, especially women. Numbers must have slowly risen after a drought, only to be cut back again with the next one. Around 1900, droughts in South Australia occurred in about ten years out of twelve. That must have devastated Aboriginal population out of contact with ration stations, which provided assured food regardless.
Joe