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Practical realities of carbon trading : Comments
By Des Moore, published 27/4/2007With the various difficulties involved, not least being measurement and certification, it is unlikely that an international emissions trading scheme can be developed.
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I had a look at SPM fig 2, as you suggest. I really don't see what your problem with the figure, or the IPCC in general is (for those who are interested, the report can be downloaded here:
http://www.ipcc.ch/).
Now, look at the bottom of the figure, marked "Total Net Anthropogenic". This gives a net radiative forcing of +1.6W/m2, with a confidence interval of +0.6W/m2 (min) to + 2.4W/m2 (max). Please note that you can't just add up, the individual components because the error is distributed. The further away from the “middle” value, the less likely it is, so the confidence intervals do not add up linearly. (see: http://mathworld.wolfram.com/ConfidenceInterval.html for an explanation).
Now, it's true that there are uncertainties, particularly with aerosols. A good discussion of this is:
http://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2007/02/aerosols-the-last-frontier/ )
Aerosols don’t change the fact that increasing CO2 concentration in the atmosphere results in increased radiative forcing. The uncertainties are reported as the errors in the model predictions (eg SPM 4 and SPM 5).
Uncertainty does not imply that the results are useless.
For example, figure SPM 5 tells me that, for the B1 senario, there is a 68.2% probability that the average surface temperature will be 1.4 and 2.2C warmer than the 1980 – 1990 average.
However, the dominant uncertainty is the emissions (see fig SPM 5). They also don’t include carbon-cycle feedbacks or advanced ice-sheet dynamics (page 14). This is likely to underestimate warming.
Also, models are not “tweaked” to conform to observations. This is not true. Models are tested and validated rigorously, by attempting to reproduce phenomena, such as the 1991 eruption of Pinatubo, as well as reproducing the ENSO cycle, and other natural variations.
http://www.physicstoday.org/vol-60/iss-1/72_1.html
Parameterisation of certain variables (ie cloud formation) is done both statistically and using physics.
http://www.climateprediction.net/science/model-intro.php#par_ame
However, for the most part, climate models are driven by physics of the climate system
See also
http://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2005/10/modeller-vs-modeller/
I don’t mean to imply that models are perfect. But they give our best guess, and they’ve been pretty spot on up until now. We ignore the climate scientists at our peril.